Design and interior blog

houses on chicken legs, as we know, there are only a fairy tale. In real life, they require a more serious reason. And although the foundation has a representation of any amateur, but how it is really fundamentally? Dance is always “from the stove”, but what to do if there is no stove? And the walls yet, and in general, you stand somewhere in the field of pure imagination and straining, trying to present their future cottage? In such a case one way - “dance” from the ground under your feet, which will be erected structure.

Well, when in your home mighty granite slab, which firm has more than one million years. Not bad, if the foundation stone laid on the embankment of natural origin: in this case and the reliability would not seem to be problematic, and the costs of the foundation will not nepodemnymi. The most reliable - homogeneous sandy soils, consisting of coarse sand. If the foundation is specified correctly, then the ground it gives a uniform draft in the future, as a rule, do not distort and does not feel strong pressures from the soil.

Fine dust and sand, and clay soils have demonstrated exemplary «behavior» only in dry weather. With plenty of moisture they are flowing, but in the cold winter, promerzaya, deep and with great force pressure on the Construction of the foundation, which means that the structure can be skewed, but the walls are not excluded fractures. To this was not the case, specific measures are needed, such as burying the underside of the foundation soil below the depth of frost (in our region / Saint Petersburg / it is about 120-130 cm). It is clear that the extra costs that must be made in advance of construction estimates.

The most devastating option - peat base, which in our edge marshes are also sometimes found. It is clear that to put the capital structure of peat can be solved in only a madman, or do not value their own lives or the lives of their loved ones. And if you really left a bad plot, it should be easy to remove the peat and fill the resulting trench with sand, making the so-called sand cushion. Features of soil should be necessarily taken into account, and yet at the stage of design, but because without the preliminary engineering and survey work (at least at the minimum level) is not indispensable. They will help you understand whether the ground is stable, whether there is any danger of a landslide or twisting the basement, would it not flood basement during the spring floods, etc. In principle, one can defeat nature and put a house in the place you loved, what would it no cost. But should be obstinate, if the facts against you? Experts argue that the cost of the foundation shall not exceed twenty per cent of the total value of the house, otherwise the very desirability of building in question, and perhaps it makes sense to think about moving a building site in the appropriate place.

Fundam to taste
Second important factor - it is designed homes. You do not need to be an expert in the field of housing, to understand: a heavy brick house or on a light frame - requires a different approach to laying the foundation. Of course, if unlimited financial resources and can be a light structure «bury» mighty reinforced concrete slab, which does not suffer dramatically even during semiballnogo earthquake. However, experience shows that money is now considered all, and thus, the issue of reasonable economy, nobody will leave indifferent. In the first instance should determine the depth of the foundation, which can be as melkozaglublennym (to a depth of about half), and profile, buried below the frost soil. The feasibility of application of a type of foundation is determined by the nature of soils and construction buildings. It is clear that the greater the penetration, the greater the spent material and, consequently, money. However, reckless desire to save may play a malevolent trick on homeowners, because the structure erected, for example, in the clay soil in one day or prosyadet or distortions.

Had the Tsar Peter listened to the recommendations made by the foundation, he is likely to be elected to the capital to lay somewhere else. In any case, the soils in most of the suburbs of St. Petersburg - indeed «problem». Therefore, the building foundation of future homes in our region requires a fundamental and professional approach.

There are devices and technology foundations. Aside such exceptional version as zabivka deep powerful concrete piles - this method is good for the construction of skyscrapers, in the same private house, usually to such drastic measures is not reached. The most common design - it plitnye, strip and columnar foundations. Hard Ground (puchinisty, bulk, etc.) often requires that a building was summed monolithic reinforced concrete slab. This design improves the reliability of the foundation - so as to move such a monolith, we need extraordinary efforts. But reinforced concrete slab, of course, will require and the appropriate flow of material. If it is not very thick, then plitny foundation will cost and, in some cases would cost even cheaper than tape. If plitny foundation in addition a deep, apart from the great mass of concrete will have to deliver and the significant amount of sand and gravel for the construction of «pillow», but in this case, the cost may exceed a reasonable proportion (20 per cent of total value). In this regard, the large area of the building and build the number of storeys, usually on a more economical belt foundation. A concrete slab under the small house with a high put the cap so that it serves and the ground floor. A foundation made of sand-schebenochnaya filling thickness of about polmetra, as in the plate provides for special rib stiffness.

Much more common option is the foundation of the type of ribbon. This is a concrete foundation under all load-bearing structures as on the perimeter, and inside buildings. However, the concrete pile is not necessarily, you can make such a foundation and a brick, and blocks. Sometimes the belt line making foundations, the sole foundation of lies about 20 cm depth below the frost, sometimes - small deep (at 50-70 cm from the ground). The upper part of the basement usually tape the cap, which may be acting, sink or made flush with the outer wall of the house. To protect the base and foundation of the rains and floods, often house gird special otmostkoy of concrete or asphalt, which should speak to twenty or more centimeters from the removal of cornice.

Zabivka deep powerful concrete piles - a method indispensable in the construction of skyscrapers. In a private house, fortunately, before such drastic measures it comes infrequently. The most common in our region are the foundation of tape.

If the house has a basement, cellar or garage is located under the house, you need a belt is the foundation. Similarly, when the cap serves as a retaining wall to the ground. Heavy investment houses are usually set to tape a foundation with any degree of buried. Among its merits and reliability, and durability, and the technology building. When conditions permit, and СНиПы, you can construct a columnar foundation, save on materials. Judge for yourself: in this case the foundation is not solid, but a point, he supported the building only a few reference points: the corners of the intersection of walls or pillars of heavily loaded runs. Construction materials you will need significantly less than in the construction of plitnogo or ribbon base.

Usually columnar foundation used for light chopped, panel or frame houses a small weight. Cheapest poles - wood, used until now, when you need to install a temporary light structure. If after a few years, this building would have to demolish and build in its place is something fundamentally different, then what is the point at the outset to spend expensive reinforced concrete, and then dismantle the foundation, which is very labor? Although, I should say, not one made merely reinforced columnar foundations: it is quite suitable and conventional concrete, and brick, and stone.

The recommended distance between poles - 1,5-2,5 meters. The cross-section of too regulated and is 50×50 cm for brick pillars or 40h40 cm for concrete (indeed, if the building really easy to avoid waste of material cross-section can be slightly reduced). In addition, in the case of columnar structures basement to do the so-called «zabirku» - light wall between the pillars, which uteplyaet underground and protects it from weathering and wandering animals who love «nest» for buildings on stilts. Some uses for the brick in half, someone - special basement bar that simulate brick, slate or asbestos. To underground not settled condensate, it should be ventilated, and for these purposes should be provided special air vents, closed bars or mesh.

In addition to these varieties are used, and other types of foundations, with the number of different know-how in the traditional, seemingly construction cases grows every year. For example, in the difficult and deep-frozen ground sometimes columnar, tape constructing the foundation. In doing so, initially at a depth slightly below the soil frost Buryats wells, the lower part of which extend a special plow. Then, in a well set fixtures and pour them with concrete. The resulting column can withstand the load of five or even ten tons, and squeeze out one from the ground unable to even Arctic frost. After that, between the columns are cast in the conventional tape-grillage formwork, reinforcing it and have a short distance from the land, subject to freezing windy ground. The advantage of this type of foundation, as compared with the buried tape - less than the cost of material and less labor.

Modern technology in the case of urgent need to make it possible to strengthen or repair the foundation. To do this through the existing foundation is required before a firm ground proburit few wells, using special machines that do not harm the original nor the foundation or ground. Then pour in the well cement slurry down there fittings and is ready to strengthen. Of particular relevance such a way to repair the foundations for the individual suburban buildings, as it avoids the need to attract a powerful technique, with the result that the plot, which may have already been held landscape works, will not be harmed.

What support do?
it’s time for your home, of course, must be of durable material. For example, brick, durability is not questioned. This roetsya trench to the required depth, after which the masons zameshivayut solution and make a solid and durable masonry. However, both materials and labor in this case would cost money, and you’ll likely have to postpone the construction of long walls and a roof. So, I think, better to take a more modern and technology - to use concrete or reinforced concrete. This material is good on many variables: it is durable, water-resistant, hardy and resistant to aggressive media. This is only to save on quality not necessary - concrete foundation must be at least 200 marks. Deliver as his best in a completed form, with the concrete plant, as the plant and prevent the concrete directly on the residential area - is quite troublesome. Pile concrete in formwork, again, much easier than the construction of masonry, but because here you can use cheap labor.

Another must mention the so-called modular or prefabricated foundations, which are built from separate cast in the factory of concrete blocks. When all seemed to be such an easy method (brought, unloaded, installed) in the final analysis, it is more expensive than building a monolithic foundation. While in some cases, when there is no alternative to this method is quite acceptable.

Karelian isthmus - the most expensive market in terms of land. But it is rocky or sandy soils of the prestigious areas of resort areas provide an opportunity to save while laying the foundation. In the southern suburbs - the land is cheaper. But there are frequent problem soils that nullifies all the dreams of a potential landlord on practical and affordable in terms of «fundamental» cost house.

Particular attention should be devoted to two things: basement waterproofing and insulation. For known reasons, are located below the surface of the ground concrete structures long-term contact with water and, although the concrete has a water resistance of microcracks and the temperature is slowly but surely make their dirty deed of destruction basement. Hence the requirement in one way or another gidroizolirovat foundation. In this article there is no way to tell about all the available methods of waterproofing, but some of the main things worth recalling. First of all, now there are a number of special additives that stretch of concrete for the construction of foundations. Additives, of course, somewhat increased the price of concrete, but with a significant increase of its moisture, and therefore the lifetime of the structure. In addition, if the foundation is already there, you can use different materials or make obmazochnye penetrating waterproofing, which is more efficient because penetrates the pores and microcracks of concrete construction, a nation «zapechatyvaya» them from moisture penetration.

This applies to insulation, it has recently become popular use of extruded polystyrene foam. If the concrete structures to protect the slabs from the foundation of this unique material, the heat losses through the underground part of the house (as they may be very large) is much diminished. Small cell polystyrene absolutely watertight, this story is not namokaet and does not alter its protective properties over many decades. If the insulation done properly, then you forget that this condensation, dampness or mold in the basement of the house. Moreover, to lay around at home plate and polystyrene powder their land can be reduced and the depth of ground frost!

The importance and gravity of the device is difficult to exaggerate the best foundation - this is literally the foundation of your house. And if the foundation has already been made, the walls and roof - is built, any alteration or repair of the foundation will result in huge material and labor costs. Alas, there are times when lightly related to the construction of the basement leads to the necessity of dismantling the structure and its re-erection. Therefore, to address this issue should be with full responsibility, do not look forward to receiving it, and where once the amateurish knowledge. That is, contact the professionals who are prepared to erect a foundation, but also give a guarantee on their work.

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